By Ksenia Gorlevaya
Because security issues are largely still a matter of national competence, the EU counter-terror framework has two main legs. EU legislative acts impose direct obligations on Member States, while other initiatives set goals for the Member States to cooperate, give strategic frameworks but do not bind them to specific actions.
There were several EU initiatives against terrorism under way when the attack against the US took place on 11 September 2001. The starting point for much of the work was the conclusions of the Tampere Summit in October 1999. It was here that the EU took a formal decision to increase judicial cooperation between Member States in order to fight crime, including terrorism.